Extended Reality (XR), encompassing Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR) and Mixed Reality (MR), is a transformative technology bridging the physical and virtual world and it has diverse potential which will be ubiquitous in the future. This review examines XR's evolution through foundational framework - hardware ranging from monitors to sensors and software ranging from visual tasks to user interface; highlights state of the art (SOTA) XR products with the comparison and analysis of performance based on their foundational framework; discusses how commercial XR devices can support the demand of high-quality performance focusing on spatial intelligence. For future directions, attention should be given to the integration of multi-modal AI and IoT-driven digital twins to enable adaptive XR systems. With the concept of spatial intelligence, future XR should establish a new digital space with realistic experience that benefits humanity. This review underscores the pivotal role of AI in unlocking XR as the next frontier in human-computer interaction.

The rising interest of generalist robots seek to create robots with versatility to handle multiple tasks in a variety of environments, and human will interact with such robots through immersive interfaces. In the context of human-robot interaction (HRI), this survey provides an exhaustive review of the applications of extended reality (XR) technologies in the field of remote HRI. We developed a systematic search strategy based on the PRISMA methodology. From the initial 2,561 articles selected, 100 research papers that met our inclusion criteria were included. We categorized and summarized the domain in detail, delving into XR technologies, including augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and mixed reality (MR), and their applications in facilitating intuitive and effective remote control and interaction with robotic systems. The survey highlights existing articles on the application of XR technologies, user experience enhancement, and various interaction designs for XR in remote HRI, providing insights into current trends and future directions. We also identified potential gaps and opportunities for future research to improve remote HRI systems through XR technology to guide and inform future XR and robotics research.

Although they achieve it in different ways, they all involve new ways of interacting and experiencing our increasingly digital world. As more and more of our lives – work, socializing, shopping, entertainment – move online, these new ways of interfacing with reality mean we can experience them in ways that are richer and more immersive. In working and professional environments, this means a greater ability to collaborate on projects with colleagues in digital spaces. In entertainment, it means games and activities that feel more "real" than ever before. This digitization of our lives has accelerated greatly since the start of the pandemic, leading to a growth in interest and innovation around XR and virtual worlds.

Artificial intelligence has matured into a fundamental technology used in a variety of fields such as robotics, computer vision, and natural language processing. It is pretty obvious that this progress would interfere with the health care sector, which needs constant improvement. Consequently, the combination of AI and XR provides extensive biotechnology applications and enables digital interaction with the physical environment in a multi-dimensional way.

Competition is tight in the manufacturing sector, and the ability to bring new products to market fast is often key to success. This is where VR, MR, and AR can enhance product design, essentially by helping to speed up the creative process. Indeed, many manufacturers are already using XR technologies to improve their product design and development. Ford is one such manufacturer. At Ford, designers use the Microsoft HoloLens headset to design cars in mixed reality.